Dementia Stages
While dementia progression can vary for each individual, the widely accepted model includes seven stages, each presenting different symptoms and care needs, what to expect during each phase, and how caregivers can offer the best support and get support themselves through this journey.
The 7 Stages of Dementia
Dementia is typically categorized into seven stages, based on the severity of cognitive decline. These stages may help both caregivers and healthcare professionals assess the elder’s needs and create a care plan accordingly. Remember that each person with dementia does not move through these stages in order or on the same timeline.
Stage 1: No Cognitive Impairment
In this stage, there are no noticeable symptoms of dementia. The person is still able to function normally with no apparent memory issues or cognitive decline. Really, it is not dementia.
Stage 2: Very Mild Cognitive Decline
Slight forgetfulness may occur, often mistaken as normal signs of aging. Elders may misplace items or appointments but can still manage daily tasks to live independently.
Stage 3: Mild Cognitive Decline
Memory problems become more noticeable. Elders may struggle with finding words, remembering recent events, or completing tasks that require planning and organization. At this stage, dementia is often not diagnosed, but early signs are present.
Stage 4: Moderate Cognitive Decline
This stage marks more obvious signs of dementia. Elders may forget personal history, struggle with complex tasks like managing finances, or have trouble with simple arithmetic. Medical diagnosis of dementia usually happens in this stage.
Stage 5: Moderately Severe Cognitive Decline
At this stage, individuals require help with daily activities, such as dressing or preparing meals. Memory loss becomes more significant, and confusion may increase.
Stage 6: Severe Cognitive Decline
Elders experience profound memory loss and may have difficulty recognizing loved ones. They may also require assistance with basic activities like eating, bathing, and toileting.
Stage 7: Very Severe Cognitive Decline
In this final stage, the individual loses the ability to communicate, walk, or care for themselves. Full-time care becomes necessary to ensure safety and comfort.
No matter what your situation is, we can help.
Testing for Dementia
Early detection of dementia is essential for managing the disease. Tests like the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and diagnoses such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are common tools used to identify early signs of dementia.
- MOCA: This test assesses memory, language, and abstract thinking by asking patients to complete tasks like drawing a clock or connecting letters and numbers in sequence.
- MCI: Mild Cognitive Impairment is a diagnosis given to individuals showing early signs of memory loss that don’t yet interfere significantly with daily life. Some people with MCI progress to dementia, while others may not.
If you notice changes in cognitive abilities, it’s crucial to seek out centers focused on elders and memory care. Early diagnosis can lead to better management of symptoms and improved quality of life.
Managing Symptoms at Each Stage of Dementia
As dementia progresses, symptoms become more severe, impacting both cognitive and physical abilities. Knowing how to support your loved one during each stage is critical for maintaining their quality of life.
Early Stages
In the early stages, subtle symptoms such as forgetfulness, mood swings, or trouble with familiar tasks may emerge. Caregivers can support elders by establishing routines, providing gentle reminders, and ensuring that their finances and health are well managed. At this point, it’s essential to meet with a geriatrician to discuss care plans and legal preparations.
Middle Stages
As dementia advances, elders may experience more pronounced memory loss, confusion, and agitation. Caregivers need to focus on creating a structured environment and helping with daily tasks. It’s also important to look out for signs of financial abuse, as judgment and decision-making abilities decline.
Late Stages
In the later stages, elders lose the ability to care for themselves, often needing help with feeding, bathing, and mobility. Maintaining engagement through activities, walking, and social interaction is key. At this stage, palliative care or hospice may be necessary to ensure comfort and dignity.
There is help. We have been there. We have seen thousands of elders struggling without the understanding and care team to sort out the challenges.
There are solutions. We are here for you.
How Long Do the 7 Stages of Dementia Last?
The progression of dementia varies greatly depending on the individual. Some elders may progress through the stages quickly, while others may remain in one stage for several years. On average, the journey from mild symptoms to the final stage can last anywhere from 4 to 20 years. Each phase requires different care strategies, and caregivers should adjust accordingly.
Understanding the Stages of Dementia Chart
Visual aids, such as the 7 stages of dementia chart, can help caregivers and healthcare providers quickly assess the progression of the disease. These charts summarize key milestones and symptoms in each stage, offering a clear roadmap for what to expect. While no two cases of dementia are alike, using a dementia stages chart can provide a helpful guide for planning care and anticipating future needs.
How Can Caregivers Prepare for Each Stage?
Dementia caregivers face unique challenges at each stage of the disease. In the early stages, providing support with decision-making and financial management is key.
As the disease progresses, more hands-on care is needed, including assistance with daily living activities and ensuring safety.
To prepare for the later stages, it’s important to have a plan in place for care—whether at home with assistance or in a specialized community. Meeting with a geriatrician, social worker, or elder law attorney early on can help caregivers and families navigate the complexities of dementia care.
- Join the DLG Community – Ask your questions and get answers from people who have been there.
- For Personalized Support from an Dementia Care Consultant, schedule an appointment.
Dr Liz Geriatrics is fortunate to have experienced care managers, nurses and social workers to assist families in sorting through the confusing care issues, how to de-escalate aggression, improve sleep (for the elder, and the caregiver!), minimize medications, help find resources and how to find time for self care.
Of course, our book, Living in the Moment: Overcoming Challenges and Finding Moments of Joy in Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias is an invaluable resource for the complete dementia journey from start to finish.